Target - V-type H translocating pyrophosphatase

*Target: V- type H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase
*NCBI gene: 36329
*TDR target ID: 2871
*Organism: Plasmodium falciparum
*Background Information: Plasmodium falciparum is known to cause malaria in human. It is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito and has the highest
mortality rate. The life cycle of all Plasmodium species is complex. Infection in humans begins with the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Sporozoites released from the salivary glands of the mosquito enter the bloodstream during feeding, quickly invading liver cells (hepatocytes). Sporozoites are cleared from the circulation within 30 minutes. During the next 14 days in the case of P. falciparum, the liver-stage parasites differentiate and undergo asexual multiplication, resulting in tens of thousands of merozoites which burst from the hepatocyte. Individual merozoites invade red blood cells (erythrocytes) and undergo an additional round of multiplication, producing 12-16 merozoites within a schizont. The length of this erythrocytic stage of the parasite life cycle depends on the parasite species: irregular cycle for P. falciparum, 48 hours for P. vivax and P. ovale, and 72 hours for P. malariae.

*Essentiality: used in various diseases. Need further research in improving this protein in biotechnology. Below are some examples.

• shigen: Profiling of E. coli Chromosome (PEC). National Institute of Genetics, Japan
  http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/ecoli/pec/
• keio: Systematic single-gene knock-out mutants of E. coli K12. The Keio Collection
  http://ecoli.naist.jp/
• gerdes: Experimental determination and system-level analysis of essential genes in E. coli MG1655. Gerdes et al., J Bacteriol. 2003 185:5673-84
  http://www.integratedgenomics.com/online_material/gerdes/
• blattner: Systematic mutagenesis of the E. coli (MG1655) genome. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:4921-4930
  http://theseed.uchicago.edu/FIG/eggs.cgi
• alsford: High-throughput phenotyping using parallel sequencing of RNA interference targets in the African trypanosome. Genome Res 2011, 21:915-924
  http://www.genedb.org
• yeastgenome: Systematic deletion of yeast genes. Saccharomyces Genome Database
  http://yeastgenome.org

*Complex: not complex, it is not a multi-unit complex.
*EC number: 3.6.1.1
*Functional classes: carrier activity, biological process, ion transmembrane transporter activity, hydrolase activity.

• Expression:

Upregulation ranking: this gene ranks in the upper 80-100% group of genes.

Shows this level of upregulation in: merozoite, sporozoite, early ring, early trophozoite, late ring, late schizont.

Upregulation ranking: this gene ranks in the upper 60-80% group of genes.

Shows this level of upregulation in: early schizont, late trophozoite.

*Assayability: assay is for inorganic pyrophosphatase (3.6.1.1).
(Sigma aldrich data: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/Enzyme_Assay/ionorgpyrophosph.Par.0001.File.tmp/ionorgpyrophosph.pdf)
*Structure:
(PDB structure of 1u7gA)
protein length: 717
template PDB code: 1u7gA

*Purification method: http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.6.1.1

*MW: 76416 kDa

*Amino acid sequence:

<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5;">        1**__0__**         2**__0__**         3**__0__**         4**__0__**         5**__0__**         6**__0__**
MDLFYVFLFL PPTIGLIFSI IECIWVSNIN IKGPEDKVEK LEDGDNPVEK MKEIASYIAV
 
        7**__0__**         8**__0__**         9**__0__**        10**__0__**        11**__0__**        12**__0__**
GANAFLKKEF QYLAVFIIVF SILLGFFVNS FTAVSFVLGC LTSILCGYIG MKIAVYANVR
 
       13**__0__**        14**__0__**        15**__0__**        16**__0__**        17**__0__**        18**__0__**
TTNETWKSLD KGFQVTLNAG TVMGFSLVSF GIIALGLLIF VYKTYVFKNT IPDNQIYKII
 
       19**__0__**        20**__0__**        21**__0__**        22**__0__**        23**__0__**        24**__0__**
AGFGLGGSSI ALFSRVGGGI YTKAADVGAD LSGKNEYGIP EDDIRNPACI ADNVGDNVGD
 
       25**__0__**        26**__0__**        27**__0__**        28**__0__**        29**__0__**        30**__0__**
MAGMGADLFG SLAESLCAAL VIGSSVISIG EGSPGNAFHC ILFPLLFVSF SVICSMITFY
 
       31**__0__**        32**__0__**        33**__0__**        34**__0__**        35**__0__**        36**__0__**
IITYSVKIND KKDVEKSLKY LLLLSTVLQS LAILAIGYVC FPSLVKYNYL KDIHRWKIIV
 
       37**__0__**        38**__0__**        39**__0__**        40**__0__**        41**__0__**        42**__0__**
PALVGLWSGL IIGFTTEFYT SYSFSPVQEI AHTQKVSAAT GIIYGLSLGY KSTFIPIICL
 
       43**__0__**        44**__0__**        45**__0__**        46**__0__**        47**__0__**        48**__0__**
SATLGISYGL CDIYGIALAA VGMLSTLCIC LTIDAYGPIS DNAGGIAEMA GLPSEVRERT
 
       49**__0__**        50**__0__**        51**__0__**        52**__0__**        53**__0__**        54**__0__**
DILDAAGNTT AAIGKGFAIG SAALVAFALF GAYASSANLR HVNILNSWVI IGLLIGAMLP
 
       55**__0__**        56**__0__**        57**__0__**        58**__0__**        59**__0__**        60**__0__**
YLFSALTMKS VAIAANSVLN ECLEQFPLIL EGKQKPDYEK CIKISTDASL RQMIVPGLIS
 
       61**__0__**        62**__0__**        63**__0__**        64**__0__**        65**__0__**        66**__0__**
VFSPLIIGML MGKYATAGLL IGIILSGIQL AFSSTNSGGA WDNAKKYIES GALGKEHCKG
 
       67**__0__**        68**__0__**        69**__0__**        70**__0__**        71**__0__**SNAHKNSVIG DTVGDPLKDT SGPSLNILIK LSAITSLVFA NVIATKFTST RGGPIWL </span>

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8IKR1

*TMpred website: http://www.ch.embnet.org/cgi-bin/TMPRED_form_parser

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- prediction graph:



*Primer website google docs:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q9vBeSj3vZOAvOTUhcs1zcqcBsTYs4_3kTiw9OAKBas/edit